Do Large Language Models Latently Perform Multi-Hop Reasoning? logo

Do Large Language Models Latently Perform Multi-Hop Reasoning?

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Investigates latent multi-hop reasoning pathways in LLMs

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About Do Large Language Models Latently Perform Multi-Hop Reasoning?

This research paper, accepted at ACL 2024, investigates whether large language models spontaneously perform multi-hop reasoning when given complex prompts like 'The mother of the singer of Superstition is'. The authors analyze two latent reasoning hops: first, the model must identify the bridge entity (e.g., Stevie Wonder) from an indirect mention, and second, it must use knowledge about that entity to answer. Through controlled experiments, they find strong evidence for the first hop across many relation types, but only moderate evidence for the full two-hop traversal. The study also reveals a clear scaling trend with model size for the first hop, but not for the second, suggesting challenges and opportunities for improving LLM reasoning.

Key Features

Probes latent reasoning pathways via two-hop analysis
Tests LLM ability to recall bridge entities from indirect prompts
Evaluates utilization of bridge entity knowledge for answer generation
Identifies strong first-hop evidence for many relation types
Reveals clear scaling trend with model size for first-hop reasoning

Pros & Cons

Pros
  • Provides empirical evidence for latent multi-hop reasoning in LLMs
  • Highlights contextual variability based on relation types
  • Identifies scaling trends for the first reasoning hop
Cons
  • Second-hop and full traversal evidence is moderate on average
  • Scaling trend does not extend to the second reasoning hop
  • Highly contextual performance across different prompt types

Best For

Understanding internal reasoning mechanisms of LLMsImproving multi-hop question answering systemsEvaluating reasoning capabilities across model scalesGuiding training strategies for complex reasoning tasks