Telegram formatting

Apply this whenever replying in the telegram channel. Telegram is not a generic markdown renderer - only specific tags/syntax actually render, and which set is available depends on one config flag. Check it once per session, don't assume:

openclaw config get channels.telegram.richMessages

If true or unset-but-you've-confirmed-it-works, use the Rich messages section below. If false/unset and unconfirmed, use the Standard mode section only - rich syntax (#, <details>, tables) will either get stripped or show as literal characters in standard mode.

Version check, once per session, before trusting any "broken"/"works" claim in the Rich messages table below:

openclaw --version

This skill's Rich messages test results are tied to a specific version (see "Tested on" in that section). If your version matches, trust the table as-is. If it differs - older or newer - treat every status in that table as unverified, not fact: send a real test message for whichever block you're about to use (a throwaway DM to yourself works) before relying on it in a live reply. OpenClaw's rich-message renderer is actively developed; bugs marked broken here may get fixed, and things marked working could regress. Don't carry this table forward blindly across versions, and don't skip testing just because the spec says a tag should work - the spec already turned out wrong once in this skill's own testing (<details> looked correct on paper and broke in practice).

If you re-test and find a status has changed, update this file so the next read is accurate - that's the whole point of keeping test results instead of copying the spec.

Standard mode (always available, parse_mode=HTML)

Tag	Renders as	Use for
<b>text</b>	bold	The 1-3 truly key words per message - a decision, a number, a name. Not every noun.
<i>text</i>	italic	A brief aside, a soft caveat, a term being introduced.
<u>text</u>	underline	Rare. Skip it - bold already carries emphasis; underline reads as a link on mobile and confuses people.
<s>text</s>	strike	Showing something superseded ("v1 -> v2"). Rare.
<code>text</code>	inline monospace	Filenames, commands, model IDs, env var names, exact values - anything the user might copy-paste or that must be read literally.
<pre><code class="language-x">...</code></pre>	code block	Actual code, logs, config blocks, tables of data. Add the language for syntax highlighting.
<blockquote>text</blockquote>	quoted block	Quoting the user back, or quoting an external source (an error message, a doc excerpt).
<blockquote expandable>text</blockquote>	collapsible quote	Long supplementary detail (full logs, a long excerpt) that isn't needed to understand the reply - collapse it so the main point isn't buried.
<a href="url">text</a>	link	Only when there's a real destination worth clicking. Never bare URLs as filler.
<tg-spoiler>text</tg-spoiler>	spoiler blur	Essentially never for assistant replies - this is a joke/game mechanic, not a formatting tool. Using it to "hide" real information reads as gimmicky.

No native list tags exist in Telegram HTML. For lists, use plain lines with - or numbers and real line breaks - do not wrap them in any tag.

Escape literal <, >, & in text as < > & if they appear outside a tag (rare - OpenClaw's renderer usually handles this for you).

Rich messages mode (channels.telegram.richMessages: true)

Write plain Markdown for these - not the HTML tags above - and OpenClaw's renderer converts it to native Bot API 10.2 rich blocks. Test results below are from live testing on OpenClaw 2026.7.1-2; if your version differs and behavior seems off, re-verify with a real test message before trusting either this table or your assumptions - renderer bugs get fixed over time.

Block	Syntax	Status (tested on 2026.7.1-2)
Heading	# H1 ... ###### H6	Works - real heading, only when the message has no images.
Table	markdown table, | a | b |, max 20 columns	Works - real bordered table, image-free messages.
Blockquote	> text	Works - real styled quote block, image-free messages.
Collapsible	<details open><summary>label</summary>...</details>	Broken - flattens to plain always-visible text. Tested 3 variants (with/without open, with/without blank lines), all failed identically, with zero images present - not an image issue, the renderer doesn't implement this block. Use > text instead.
Checklist	- [ ] task / - [x] done	Broken - renders as literal • [ ] task text, not a real checkbox. Write "Done: X, Pending: Y" as plain text instead.
Pull quote	<aside>quote<cite>Author</cite></aside>	Broken - tags silently stripped, quote and author text run together with no separator. Use > text instead.
Slideshow / Collage	<tg-slideshow>/<tg-collage> +  per image	Not usable - OpenClaw does not implement outbound Telegram media groups yet (upstream issue, open). Each image sends as its own separate photo message instead of a grouped carousel, regardless of tag or syntax. This is a missing feature, not a syntax problem - don't try to work around it with different markup.

Critical rule: any image in the message drops the whole thing to a photo caption, which only supports plain HTML (no headings/tables/blockquote-as-rich-block) and caps at 1024 characters. Confirmed by sending an identical heading with and without an attached image - only the image-free version rendered as a real heading. If a reply needs both a heading/table and an image, send them as separate messages.

Bottom line: heading, table, and blockquote are the only proven-reliable rich blocks, and only in image-free messages. Treat collapsible, checklist, pull quote, and slideshow/collage as unusable until you've personally re-verified them working - don't trust this table blindly if you're on a different OpenClaw version, but don't trust the spec blindly either. Send a real test message first.

Compatibility risk: some Telegram clients (older Desktop/Web/Android/third-party) don't support Bot API 10.2 and may render rich messages as broken or "unsupported message." If a reply looks wrong to the user, ask what client they're on before assuming a formatting bug.

Decide by message shape, not by habit

Short reply (1-2 sentences, a quick answer, a confirmation): no formatting at all. A bolded word in a one-line reply reads as shouting.

Medium reply (a short paragraph, an explanation with a couple of technical terms): plain prose, <code> for the 1-3 literal terms (a filename, a command), maybe one <b> if there's a genuine headline result. That's it.

Long / structured reply (multi-step instructions, a status report, several findings): break into short paragraphs with blank lines between them - blank-line separation does more for readability than any tag. In standard mode use <b> as inline section labels ("Status:", "Next step:"); in rich mode with no images, a real #/## heading can do the same job. Use a plain - list when enumerating items. Push anything genuinely optional (full logs, long background) into <blockquote expandable> (standard mode) or > text (rich mode) so the reply stays scannable at a glance.

The overuse tells

If you're about to bold more than ~3 things in one message, you're not emphasizing anymore - you're just formatting for its own sake. Pick the one thing that actually matters. Same logic for code tags: not every word that happens to be technical needs <code> - only things meant to be copied or read character-for-character.

If you're about to reach for <u> or <tg-spoiler>, don't - there's almost always a better tag or no tag at all.

In rich mode, a heading or table for an ordinary answer that a short paragraph would serve just as well is the same failure, just with bigger tools. A one-line answer never needs a # heading.

The underuse tell

If a reply is more than ~6 lines of unbroken prose with no paragraph breaks, it needs structure - not necessarily bold or code, just blank lines between ideas and a - list if there are parallel items. A wall of text is the more common failure mode than over-formatting.