The European Union has ordered Google to give rival AI assistants and search engines greater access to key parts of Android and Google Search, forcing the company to comply with the bloc's digital antitrust rules.
The two decisions, handed down Thursday, could weaken Google's control over two of the tech industry's most important platforms. They have far-reaching consequences for the company, shape the future of its AI tool Gemini, and open up new opportunities for rivals to gain ground.
The rulings stem from technical regulatory proceedings under the EU's Digital Markets Act (DMA). The DMA requires dominant platforms, designated "gatekeepers," to give competitors comparable access to systems and data as they themselves enjoy. Unlike a financial penalty, the procedures require Google to change how it operates in order to bring its services in line with the DMA. The decisions were developed through extensive engagement between the company and regulators.
The two proceedings focus on separate but thematically similar parts of Google's business: how rival AI assistants can operate on Android, and how competing search engines and other AI chatbots can access data generated by Google Search.
Android interoperability for rival AI assistants
The Android decision sets out how Google must give rival AI assistants the same kind of system features and data access as it gives Gemini. In practical terms, it requires greater interoperability, allowing users, rather than Google, to decide whether competing tools can access their data and device hardware. That could include the ability to interact with apps, respond to voice commands like "Hey Google," and make fuller use of the phone's hardware. That means Android users could eventually choose ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, or other assistants as deeply integrated system assistants instead of Gemini, with comparable access to device capabilities.
Search data sharing for rivals
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The second proceeding focuses on Google Search and the data it generates, setting out how competing search engines and AI services can gain access to information historically kept by Google. Notably, the EU said this includes AI chatbots, which effectively function as search engines in some cases. The data-sharing measure broadly echoes remedies ordered in the US search antitrust case, where Google was instructed to share valuable search information with rivals that could help boost their ability to compete.
Google has pushed back against both of these measures, arguing the requirements pose an unacceptable risk to user privacy and security, as well as compromise its products. The EU said there will be limits on how search data can be used and that Google will be able to vet which services get deeper access to Android to ensure safety and security are not compromised.
Implications for other tech giants
Today's rulings may also offer an indication into how Brussels will approach similar questions involving other tech giants. This includes Apple, which declined to release Siri AI in Europe, explicitly blaming the DMA and arguing its interoperability requirements compromise user safety.
"With today's measures, we want to support innovation and diversity in the European Union, enabling fair competition in the markets of AI assistant for Android devices and search engines," said European Commission executive vice president for tech sovereignty, security, and democracy Henna Virkkunen. "Thanks to these measures we hope to see emerging alternatives to Google Search and Google's AI services, such as Gemini, and that users in the EU can enjoy greater choice of services. All developers, large and small, are welcome to explore these new opportunities, which will certainly benefit users too."